background

What changed

Calderbank and Shor established the existence of quantum codes that protect encoded information under specified error conditions. The 1996 revised manuscript is mathematical evidence, not a hardware demonstration.

Sources: Calderbank and Shor, author manuscript

Sources and review scope

Source-linked. Editorial review: .

  1. Good Quantum Error-Correcting Codes Exist ↗

    Calderbank and Shor, author manuscript · Accessed 2026-10-02 · 1996 revised manuscript; initial 1995 upload is withdrawn

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